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Human Rights and Globalization Sign on! Declaration of Human Rights from a gender perspective |
(UDHR)
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Excerpts from The International Bill of Rights, Fact Sheet #2, UN Centre for Human Rights:
The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 "was the first occasion on which the organized community of nations ... made a Declaration of human rights and fundamental freedoms...."
"Conceived as 'a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations,' the Universal Declaration ... has become just that: a yardstick by which to measure the degree of respect for, and compliance with, international human rights standards...."
"In the Proclamation of Teheran, adopted by the International Conference on Human Rights ... in 1968, the Conference agreed that 'the Universal Declaration .... states a common understanding of the peoples of the world concerning the inalienable and inviolable rights of all members of the human family and constitutes an obligation for the members of the international community.'"
The Declaration consists of 30 articles setting forth the civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights to which all persons are entitled, without discrimination.
Economic, social and cultural rights are set out in Articles 22-27, and are rights to which everyone is entitled "as a member of society." "[Article 22] characterizes these rights as indispensable for human dignity and the free development of personality, and indicates that they are to be realized 'through national effort and international cooperation.' At the same time, it points out the limitations of realization, the extent of which depends on the resources of each State."
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All human beings are born free and equal.
Everyone is entitled to the same rights without discrimination of any kind.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.
No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to be recognized everywhere as a person before the law.
Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection of the law.
Everyone has the right to justice.
No one shall be arrested, detained, or exiled arbitrarily.
Everyone has the right to a fair trial.
Everyone has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Everyone has the right to privacy.
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and to leave and return to one's country.
Everyone has the right to seek asylum from persecution.
Everyone has the right to a nationality.
All adults have the right to marry and found a family. Women and men have equal rights to marry, within marriage, and at its dissolution.
Everyone has the right to own property.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
Everyone has the right to peaceful assembly and association.
Everyone has the right to take part in government of one's country.
Everyone has the right to social security and to the realization of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for dignity.
Everyone has the right to work, to just conditions of work, to protection against unemployment, to equal pay for equal work, to sufficient pay to ensure a dignified existence for one's self and one's family, and the right to join a trade union.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure.
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services.
Everyone has the right to education.
Everyone has the right to participate freely in the cultural life of the community.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which these rights can be realized fully.
Everyone has duties to the community.
No person, group or government has the right to destroy any of these rights.
For more information, please contact PDHRE:
The People's
Shulamith Koenig / Executive Director
526 West 111th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
tel: +1 212.749-3156; fax: +1 212.666-6325
e-mail: pdhre@igc.apc.org